Paper to the Anthropology Department, Oslo University
21 November 2012
John Postill
RMIT University, Melbourne
Abstract
The wave of protests that struck the world in 2011 has been the subject of a great deal of polarised debate, particularly in connection with the historical novelty (or otherwise) of the protests and with the role played by social media such as Facebook or Twitter. In this paper I put aside such controversies and critically review the existing evidence on a range of digital media. Drawing from anthropological fieldwork in Barcelona (Spain) and from secondary research, I explore the digital dimensions of the Indignados and Occupy movements. First I argue that these movements exhibit four main characteristics, namely: they (a) propagated through viralised media ecologies in which political reality is now routinely ?shared? by media professionals, amateurs and ordinary citizens via social media (an age of ?viral reality?, Postill forthcoming), (b) recruited widely from a precarised middle class that includes students, teachers and other knowledge workers barely making a living in post-2008 neoliberal democracies, (c) were informed by the recent mainstreaming of ?nerd politics? (Doctorow 2012, e.g. Wikileaks, Anonymous, #NoLesVotes) and (d) were inspired and sustained in their occupation of digitised public spaces by the ?spirit? of Tahrir. I then suggest that despite their similarities and common global ambitions, the new protest movements are profoundly shaped by the distinct techno-political cultures of the nation-states where they have taken hold. This is revealed by a field-theoretical comparison of Spain and the United States in which I show that the movements are best characterised as culturally-specific ?protest fields? (Crossley 2002) that expand and contract and migrate far more dramatically than the fields of cultural production studied in France by Bourdieu and his associates (Postill 2011).
References
Crossley, N. 2002. `Global Anti-Corporate Struggle: A Preliminary Analysis?, British Journal of Sociology 53(4): 667?91.
Doctorow, C. 2012 The problem with nerd politics, The Guardian, 14 May 2012.
Postill, J. 2011. Localizing the Internet: An Anthropological Account. Oxford and New York: Berghahn. See draft Introduction.
Postill, J. forthcoming 2012. Democracy in the age of viral reality: a media epidemiography of Spain?s indignados movement Ethnography journal, Special Issue on Media Ethnography and the Public Sphere, revised version submitted July 2012.
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